Innovative Soilless Culture Techniques for Horticultural Crops: A Comprehensive Review

Soilless culture, a modern greenhouse cultivation technology, has rapidly developed in the past 30-40 years and offers closed-loop system with several benefits, including recycling of 85-90 percent irrigation water. As world population continues to grow at rate over 1%, reduction land availability per capita for soil-based agriculture become major problem, particularly countries like India high density. farming viable alternative growing high-quality vegetables, fruits, flowers year-round on variety substrates, requiring limited space. This approach also aims eradicate soil-related problems such as soil-borne infections, poor soil fertility, salinity. With advantages traditional crops, shorter growth times, production, fewer diseases pests, soilless comprises various methods hydroponics, aeroponics, aquaponics. The technique potential improve people's lives boost economic by encouraging innovative businesses engage agriculture. Therefore, gained traction an solution address scarcity issues while producing crops sustainably.